IC610CPU105RR，IC610CPU105RR，IC610CPU105RR
PLC的基本知識(shí)及PLC的優(yōu)勢(shì)
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可編程控制器是60年代末在美國(guó)首先出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)時(shí)叫可編程邏輯控制器PLC（Programmable Logic Controller），目的是用來(lái)取代繼電器，以執(zhí)行邏輯判斷、計(jì)時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)等順序控制功能。PLC的基本設(shè)計(jì)思想是把計(jì)算機(jī)功能完善、靈活、通用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)和繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)單易懂、操作方便、價(jià)格便宜等優(yōu)點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)，控制器的硬件是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、通用的。根據(jù)實(shí)際應(yīng)用對(duì)象，將控制內(nèi)容編成軟件寫(xiě)入控制器的用戶程序存儲(chǔ)器內(nèi)。控制器和被控對(duì)象連接方便。
隨著半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)，尤其是微處理器和微型計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，到70年代中期以后，PLC已廣泛地使用微處理器作為中央處理器，輸入輸出模塊和外圍電路也都采用了中、大規(guī)模甚至超大規(guī)模的集成電路，這時(shí)的PLC已不再是邏輯判斷功能，還同時(shí)具有數(shù)據(jù)處理、PID調(diào)節(jié)和數(shù)據(jù)通信功能。
可編程控制器是一種數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子系統(tǒng)，專為在工業(yè)環(huán)境下應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)。它采用了可編程序的存儲(chǔ)器，用來(lái)在其內(nèi)部存儲(chǔ)執(zhí)行邏輯運(yùn)算，順序控制、定時(shí)、計(jì)算和算術(shù)運(yùn)算等操作的指令，并通過(guò)數(shù)字式和模擬式的輸入輸出，控制各種類型的機(jī)械或生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。PLC是微機(jī)技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的繼電接觸控制技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，它克服了繼電接觸控制系統(tǒng)中機(jī)械觸點(diǎn)的接線復(fù)雜、可靠性低、功耗高、通用性和靈活性差的缺點(diǎn)，充分利用微處理器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
可編程控制器對(duì)用戶來(lái)說(shuō)，是一種無(wú)觸點(diǎn)設(shè)備，改變程序即可改變生產(chǎn)工藝，因此可在初步設(shè)計(jì)階段選用可編程控制器，在實(shí)施階段再確定工藝過(guò)程。另一方面，從制造生產(chǎn)可編程控制器的廠商角度看，在制造階段不需要根據(jù)用戶的訂貨要求專門設(shè)計(jì)控制器，適合批量生產(chǎn)。由于這些特點(diǎn)，可編程控制器問(wèn)世以后很快受到工業(yè)控制界的歡迎，并得到迅速的發(fā)展。目前，可編程控制器已成為工廠自動(dòng)化的強(qiáng)有力工具，得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。
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