FBM15 DM400YRFBM15 DM400YR，FBM15 DM400YR
梯形圖（Ladder Diagram）程序設計語言舉例介紹
梯形圖程序設計語言是最常用的一種程序設計語言。它來源于繼電器邏輯控制系統的描述。在工業過程控制領域，電氣技術人員對繼電器邏輯控制技術較為熟悉，因此，由這種邏輯控制技術發展而來的梯形圖受到了歡迎，并得到了廣泛的應用。梯形圖與操作原理圖相對應，具有直觀性和對應性；與原有的繼電器邏輯控制技術的不同點是，梯形圖中的能流不是實際意義的電流，內部的繼電器也不是實際存在的繼電器，因此，應用時，需與原有繼電器邏輯控制技術的有關概念區別對待。LAD圖形指令有3個基本形式：
（1）觸點：
觸點符號代表輸入條件如外部開關，按鈕及內部條件等。CPU運行掃描到觸點符號時，到觸點位指的存儲器位訪問（即CPU對存儲器的讀操作）。該位數據（狀態）為1時，表示“能流”能通過。計算機讀操作的次數不受限制，用戶程序中，常開觸點，常閉觸點可以使用無數次。
（2）線圈：
線圈表示輸出結果，通過輸出接口電路來控制外部的指示燈、接觸器等及內部的輸出條件等。線圈左側接點組成的邏輯運算結果為1時，“能流”可以達到線圈，使線圈得電動作，CPU將線圈的位地址指的存儲器的位置位為1，邏輯運算結果為0，線圈不通電，存儲器的位置0。即線圈代表CPU對存儲器的寫操作。PLC采用循環掃描的工作方式，所以在用戶程序中，每個線圈只能使用一次。
（3）指令盒：指令盒代表一些較復雜的功能。如定時器，計數器或數學運算指令等。當“能流”通過指令盒時，執行指令盒所代表的功能。
梯形圖按照邏輯關系可分成網絡段，分段只是為了閱讀和調試方便。在舉例中將網絡段省去。圖1是梯形圖示例。
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