A06B-0859-B100，A06B-0859-B100，A06B-0859-B100
用FX PLC控制三相異步電動機的啟動與正反轉
圖3為電機啟動控制的梯形圖。簡單啟動控制只用到正轉按鈕、停止按鈕兩個輸入端，輸出只用到KM1交流接觸器。該程序采用典型的自保持電路。合上電源刀開關通電后，停止按鈕接通，PLC內部輸入繼電器X0的動合觸點閉合。按正轉按鈕，輸出繼電器Y0導通，交流接觸器KM1線圈帶電，其連接在主控回路的主觸點閉合，電機通電轉動，同時Y0的動合觸點閉合，實現自鎖。這樣，即使松開正轉按鈕，仍保持Y0導通。按停止按鈕，X0斷開，Y0斷開，KM1線圈失電，主控回路的主觸點斷開，電機失電而停轉。
圖4為電機正反轉控制程序，采用自鎖和互鎖控制程序。也可以采用SET和RST指令來實現。
在圖2的接線圖中，將兩個交流接觸器的動斷觸點KM1、KM2分別連接在KM2、KM1的線圈回路中，形成硬件互鎖，從而保證即使在控制程序錯誤或因PLC受到噪聲的影響而導致Y0、Y1兩個輸出繼電器同時有輸出的情況下避免正、反轉接觸器同時帶電而造成的主電路短路。
由于停止按鈕采用動斷按鈕，在通電后，X0動合觸點閉合。若先按正轉按鈕X1，Y0導通并形成自鎖。同時，Y0的動斷觸點斷開，即使按反轉按鈕Y1也無法接通，也就無法實現反轉。
在正轉的情況下，要想實現反轉，只有先按一下停止按鈕，使Y0失電，從而正轉接觸器斷電，即使松開停止按鈕Y0、Y1仍失電。再按反轉按鈕后，由于Y0失電，其動斷觸點閉合，Y1導通，反轉接觸器KM2線圈帶電。接在圖1主控回路中主觸點閉合，由于電源相序變化，電機反轉。
同樣，在反轉狀態要正轉，都需要先按停止按鈕。
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