A20B-3300-0311，A20B-3300-0311，A20B-3300-0311、
用FX PLC控制三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)與正反轉(zhuǎn)
程序設(shè)計(jì)
圖3為電機(jī)啟動(dòng)控制的梯形圖。簡單啟動(dòng)控制只用到正轉(zhuǎn)按鈕、停止按鈕兩個(gè)輸入端，輸出只用到KM1交流接觸器。該程序采用典型的自保持電路。合上電源刀開關(guān)通電后，停止按鈕接通，PLC內(nèi)部輸入繼電器X0的動(dòng)合觸點(diǎn)閉合。按正轉(zhuǎn)按鈕，輸出繼電器Y0導(dǎo)通，交流接觸器KM1線圈帶電，其連接在主控回路的主觸點(diǎn)閉合，電機(jī)通電轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，同時(shí)Y0的動(dòng)合觸點(diǎn)閉合，實(shí)現(xiàn)自鎖。這樣，即使松開正轉(zhuǎn)按鈕，仍保持Y0導(dǎo)通。按停止按鈕，X0斷開，Y0斷開，KM1線圈失電，主控回路的主觸點(diǎn)斷開，電機(jī)失電而停轉(zhuǎn)。
圖4為電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn)控制程序，采用自鎖和互鎖控制程序。也可以采用SET和RST指令來實(shí)現(xiàn)。
在圖2的接線圖中，將兩個(gè)交流接觸器的動(dòng)斷觸點(diǎn)KM1、KM2分別連接在KM2、KM1的線圈回路中，形成硬件互鎖，從而保證即使在控制程序錯(cuò)誤或因PLC受到噪聲的影響而導(dǎo)致Y0、Y1兩個(gè)輸出繼電器同時(shí)有輸出的情況下避免正、反轉(zhuǎn)接觸器同時(shí)帶電而造成的主電路短路。
由于停止按鈕采用動(dòng)斷按鈕，在通電后，X0動(dòng)合觸點(diǎn)閉合。若先按正轉(zhuǎn)按鈕X1，Y0導(dǎo)通并形成自鎖。同時(shí)，Y0的動(dòng)斷觸點(diǎn)斷開，即使按反轉(zhuǎn)按鈕Y1也無法接通，也就無法實(shí)現(xiàn)反轉(zhuǎn)。
在正轉(zhuǎn)的情況下，要想實(shí)現(xiàn)反轉(zhuǎn)，只有先按一下停止按鈕，使Y0失電，從而正轉(zhuǎn)接觸器斷電，即使松開停止按鈕Y0、Y1仍失電。再按反轉(zhuǎn)按鈕后，由于Y0失電，其動(dòng)斷觸點(diǎn)閉合，Y1導(dǎo)通，反轉(zhuǎn)接觸器KM2線圈帶電。接在圖1主控回路中主觸點(diǎn)閉合，由于電源相序變化，電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)。
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