IC646NSP000,IC646NSP000,IC646NSP000
可編程控制器目前常用的編程語言舉例說明
梯形圖中的輸入觸點只有二種：動合觸點( ）和動斷觸點（  ），這些觸點可以是PLC的外接開關對應的內部映像觸點，也可以是PLC內部繼電器觸點，或內部定時、計數器的觸點。每一個觸點都有自己特殊的編號，以示區別。同一編號的觸點可以有常開和動斷兩種狀態，使用次數不限。因為梯形圖中使用的“繼電器”對應PLC內的存儲區某字節或某位，所用的觸點對應于該位的狀態，可以反復讀取，故人們稱PLC有無限對觸點。梯形圖中的觸點可以任意的串聯、并聯。
梯形圖中的輸出線圈對應PLC內存的相應位，輸出線圈包括輸出繼電器線圈、輔助繼電器線圈以及計數器、定時器線圈等，其邏輯動作只有線圈接通后，對應的觸點才可能發生動作。用戶程序運算結果可以立即為后續程序所利用。
（2）助記符語言
助記符語言又稱命令語句表達式語言，它常用一些助記符來表示PLC的某種操作。它類似微機中的匯編語言，但比匯編語言更直觀易懂。用戶可以很容易地將梯形圖語言轉換成助記符語言。
圖1-5(b)為梯形圖對應的用助記符表示的指令表。
這里要說明的是不同廠家生產的PLC所使用的助記符各不相同，因此同一梯形圖寫成的助記符語句不相同。用戶在將梯形圖轉換為助記符時，必須先弄清PLC的型號及內部各器件編號、使用范圍和每一條助記符的使用方法。
（3）順序功能圖
順序功能圖常用來編制順序控制程序，它包括步、動作、轉換三個要素。順序功能圖法可以將一個復雜的控制過程分解為一些小的工作狀態。對于這些小狀態的功能依次處理后再把這些小狀態依一定順序控制要求連接成組合整體的控制程序。圖1-6所示為采用順序功能圖編制的程序段，
（4）功能塊圖
功能塊圖是一種類似于數字邏輯電路的編程語言，用類似與門、或門的方框來表示邏輯運算關系，方塊左側為邏輯運算的輸入變量，右側為輸出變量，輸入端、輸出端的小圓點表示“非”運算，信號自左向右流動。類似于電路一樣，方框被“導線”連接在一起。圖1-7所示為功能塊圖示例。
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