1756-L73，1756-L73，1756-L73
數(shù)控機(jī)床控制用PLC編程的調(diào)試步驟——仿真調(diào)試和聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試
仿真調(diào)試
“仿真調(diào)試”又稱“模擬調(diào)試”，是指在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下，采用特制的“仿真設(shè)備”（或稱“模擬裝置”、“模擬臺(tái)”等）代替機(jī)床與CNC、PLC、PLC編程設(shè)備聯(lián)接起來（在有條件的情況下，還可以聯(lián)接伺服單元、伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)、甚至某些獨(dú)立的機(jī)械功能部件），對(duì)順序程序進(jìn)行的調(diào)試。“仿真調(diào)試”具有安全、能耗小、調(diào)試軸助人員少等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
“仿真設(shè)備”常用許多開關(guān)、指示燈來模擬機(jī)床各電氣功能器件的狀態(tài)。如用小型開關(guān)的通／斷代替MT側(cè)操作面板的開關(guān)、按鈕，電氣柜內(nèi)的繼電器觸點(diǎn)，安裝于機(jī)床各運(yùn)動(dòng)部件上的位置檢測開關(guān)等的閉合／斷開，以模擬各種輸入信號(hào)的“1”和“0”狀態(tài)，用指示燈的亮／滅代替MT側(cè)操作面板指示燈，電氣柜內(nèi)繼電器線圈等的通電／斷電，以驗(yàn)證輸出到MT側(cè)各器件的信號(hào)狀態(tài)。
“仿真調(diào)試”是“聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試”前的一個(gè)重要步驟。程序設(shè)計(jì)員可以通過“仿真設(shè)備”對(duì)諸如機(jī)床操作面板、工作臺(tái)運(yùn)行、工件裝夾、主軸起停、刀庫手動(dòng)、自動(dòng)找刀、機(jī)械手換刀、工作臺(tái)分度及各機(jī)械動(dòng)作和控制邏輯的互鎖關(guān)系進(jìn)行分考動(dòng)作和循環(huán)動(dòng)作運(yùn)行調(diào)試，以保證順序程序控制原理的正確性，為以后的整機(jī)聯(lián)調(diào)的安全，順利地進(jìn)行打下基礎(chǔ)。
需要指出的是，“仿真設(shè)備”雖可以通過模擬機(jī)床側(cè)的信號(hào)狀態(tài)調(diào)試并確認(rèn)機(jī)床控制中的許多控制順序問題，但因條件的限制，往往不能完全真實(shí)地模擬那些與時(shí)間控制有關(guān)的機(jī)械動(dòng)作，以及某些復(fù)雜的循環(huán)動(dòng)作順序。因此，順序程序還須進(jìn)行聯(lián)機(jī)運(yùn)行調(diào)試，才能最終確認(rèn)是否正確。
（2）聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試
將機(jī)床、CNC裝置、PLC裝置和編程設(shè)備聯(lián)接起來進(jìn)行的整機(jī)機(jī)電運(yùn)行調(diào)試稱為“聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試”（如圖1所示）。“聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試”可以發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正順序程序的錯(cuò)誤，可以檢查機(jī)床和電氣線路的設(shè)計(jì)，制造，安裝以及機(jī)電元器件品質(zhì)可能存在的問題。
“聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)試”工作在車間現(xiàn)場由具有機(jī)電專業(yè)知識(shí)的多名工程技術(shù)人員聯(lián)合進(jìn)行。在確認(rèn)CNC系統(tǒng)、伺服系統(tǒng)、PLC裝置、強(qiáng)電柜元器件、機(jī)床各元部件的安裝和連接無誤后，才可以接通電源，將存儲(chǔ)在編程設(shè)備中的順序程序傳送至RAM插板（或PLC裝置的RAM存儲(chǔ)器）中，然后執(zhí)行順序程序，以便對(duì)各機(jī)電執(zhí)行元部件的動(dòng)作及其順序控制邏輯進(jìn)行檢查。需要時(shí)，可用編程設(shè)備修改順序程序，然后再傳送到RAM插板中。
中
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