IC646MPP001,IC646MPP001,IC646MPP001
可編程控制器的基本工作原理和應(yīng)用環(huán)境
可靠物理實現(xiàn)主要通過輸入(I, INPUT)及輸出(O, OUTPUT)電路。每一輸入點或輸出點就有一個I或O電路。而且,總是把若干個這樣電路集成在一個模塊(或箱體)中,然后再由若干個模塊(或箱體)集成為PLC完整的I/O系統(tǒng)(電路)。盡管這些模塊相當(dāng)多,占了PLC體積的大部分,但由于它們都是由高度集成化的,所以,PLC的體積還是不太大的。
輸入電路時刻監(jiān)視著輸入點的(通、ON或斷、OFF)狀態(tài),并將此狀態(tài)暫存于它的輸入暫存器(還可能有別的稱謂)中。每一輸入點都有一個與其對應(yīng)的輸入暫存器。
輸出電路有輸出鎖存器(還可能有別的稱謂)。它也有兩個狀態(tài),高、低電位狀態(tài),并可鎖存。同時,它還有相應(yīng)的物理電路,可把這個高、低電位的狀態(tài)傳送給輸出點。每一輸出點都有一個與其對應(yīng)的輸出鎖存器。
這里的輸入暫存器及輸出鎖存器實際是PLC的I/O電路的寄存器。它們與PLC內(nèi)存交換信息通過PLC I/O總線及運行PLC的系統(tǒng)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)。
把輸入暫存器的信息讀到PLC的內(nèi)存中,稱輸入刷新。PLC內(nèi)存有專門開辟的存放輸入信息的映射區(qū)。這個區(qū)的每一對應(yīng)位(bit)稱為輸入繼電器,或稱軟觸點,或稱為過程映射輸入寄存器(the process-image input register)。這些位(bit)置成1,表示觸點通,置成0為觸點斷。由于它的狀態(tài)是由輸入刷新得到的,所以,它反映的就是輸入點的狀態(tài)。
輸出鎖存器與PLC內(nèi)存中的輸出映射區(qū)也是對應(yīng)的。一個輸出鎖存器也有一個內(nèi)存位(bit)與其對應(yīng),這個位稱為輸出繼電器,或稱輸出線圈,或稱為過程映射輸出寄存器(the process-image output register)。通過PLC I/O總線及運行系統(tǒng)程序,輸出繼電器的狀態(tài)將映射給輸出鎖存器。這個映射的完成也稱輸出刷新。
PLC除了有可接收開關(guān)信號的輸入電路,有時,還有接收模擬信號的輸入電路(稱模擬量輸入單元或模塊)。只是后者先要進行模、數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,然后,再把轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)據(jù)存入PLC相應(yīng)的內(nèi)存單元中。
如要產(chǎn)生模擬量輸出,則要配有模擬量輸出電路(稱模擬量輸出模塊或單元)。靠它對PLC相應(yīng)的內(nèi)存單元的內(nèi)容進行數(shù)、模轉(zhuǎn)換,并產(chǎn)生輸出。
這樣,用戶所要編的程序只是,PLC輸入有關(guān)的內(nèi)存區(qū)到輸出有關(guān)的內(nèi)存區(qū)的變換。這是一個數(shù)據(jù)及邏輯處理問題。由于PLC有強大的指令系統(tǒng),編寫出滿足這個要求的程序是完全可能的。
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