Z44A730465-001,Z44A730465-001,Z44A730465-001
基于可編程控制器的異步電動機的起、制動控制方式改進
當轉速下降至某一定值時(比如100r/min),KS1常開觸點斷開KA，繼而斷開KM2，電動機失電，迅速停機。
圖1 繼電器接觸器控制系統
這種傳統的繼電器接觸器控制方式控制邏輯清晰，采用機電合一的組合方式便于普通機類或電類技術人員維修，但由于使用的電氣元件體積大、觸點多、故障率大，因此，運行的可靠性較低。隨著PLC技術的發展，使用PLC進行電機的運行控制已成為必然趨勢。
2. 采用PLC實現鼠籠式異步電動器起、制動控制可編程序控制器是在繼電器控制和計算機控制的基礎上開發的產品，自60年代末，美國首先研制和使用可編程控制器以后，世界各國特別是日本和聯邦德國也相繼開發了各自的PLC(programmable logic controller)，因此，與傳統的繼電器接觸器控制系統相比較，筆者認為采用PLC實現鼠籠式異步電動機起制動控制是最明智的選擇。下面就是筆者設計的采用PLC實現的鼠籠式異步電動機起制動控制電路的接線圖、梯形圖和指令程序，如圖2和圖3所示。
圖2 PLC控制的輸入輸出接線圖
圖3 PLC控制的梯形圖
PLC控制邏輯與傳統的繼電器接觸器控制系統基本一致，其工作過程如下：
:起動時，按下起動按鈕SB1,X400常開觸點閉合，Y430線圈接通并自鎖，KM1線圈接通，主觸頭吸合，電動機串入限流電阻R開始起動，同時Y430的兩對常開觸點閉合，當電動機轉速上升到某一定值時，KS1的常開觸點閉合，X402常開觸點閉合，M100線圈接通并自鎖，M100的一對常開觸點接通Y432的線圈，KM3線圈有電主觸頭吸合，短接起動電阻，電機轉速上升至給定值時投入穩定運行。制動時，按下停機按鈕SB2，X401常開觸點斷開Y430線圈，使KM1失電釋放，而Y430的常閉觸點接通Y431線圈，制動用的接觸器KM2線圈通電，對調兩相電源的相序，電動機處于反接制動狀態。與此同時，Y430的常開觸點斷開Y432的線圈，KM3失電釋放，串入電阻R限制制動電流
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