ST-2314,ST-2314,ST-2314
專為工業自動控制開發的PLC編程語言執行過程
PLC是專為工業自動控制而開發的裝置，通常PLC采用面向控制過程，面向問題的“自然語言”編程。不同廠家的產品采用的編程語言不同，這些編程語言有梯形圖、語句表、控制系統流程圖等。為了增強PLC的各種運算功能，有的PLC還配有BASIC語言，并正在探索用其他高級語言來編程。
日本的FANUC公司、立石公司、三菱公司、富士公司等所生產的PLC產品，都采用梯形圖編程。在用編程器向PLC輸入程序時，一般簡易編程器都采用編碼表輸入，大型編程器也可用梯形圖直接輸入。在眾多的PLC產品中，由于制造廠家不同，其指令系統的表示方法和語句表中的助記符也不盡相同，但原理是完全相同的。在本書中我們以FANUC-PMC-L為例，對適用于數控機床控制的PLC指令作一介紹。在FANUC系列的PLC中，規格型號不同時，只是功能指令的數目有所不同，如北京機床研究所與FANUC公司合作開發的FANUC-BESK PLC-B功能指令23條，除此以外，指令系統是完全一樣的。
在FANUC-PMC-L中有兩種指令：基本指令和功能指令。當設計順序程序時，使用最多的是基本指令，基本指令共12條。功能指令便于機床特殊運行控制的編程，功能指令有35條。
在基本指令和功能指令執行中，用一個堆棧寄存器暫存邏輯操作的中間結果，堆棧寄存器有9位（如圖1所示），按先進后出、后進先出的原理工作。當前操作結果壓入時，堆棧各原狀態全部左移一位；相反地取出操作結果時堆棧全部右移一位，最后壓入的信號首先恢復讀出。
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