自2015年開始，我國政府就相繼出臺多項政策鼓勵工業互聯網發展。近半年來，各地區紛紛落實部署相關政策，發布地方工業互聯網發展的配套方案。在中國制造業轉型升級的大環境下，業內人士普遍認為，工業互聯網已經成為我國制造業高質量轉型之路的方向。可是，從國外工業互聯網發展來看，這條路卻并非坦途。前不久，有媒體報道GE公司將出售旗下Predix為代表的工業數字資產，而另一邊西門子公司則通過收購mendix公司，不斷加碼工業互聯網布局。從國內情況看，曾以36天創造最快過會記錄的工業互聯網概念股——工業富聯上市4個月后破發。工業互聯網的發展如此“撲朔迷離”，如何認識工業互聯網顯得至關重要。
“只有我們真正了解了工業互聯網是什么？為什么？怎么才能讓它在工業發展和互聯網、實體經濟深度融合上真正發揮作用，我們才算抓到了點子上。”這是10月8日2018中國(紹興)工業互聯網創新發展論壇上，原工信部副部長、北京大學教授楊學山發表《換個角度看工業互聯網》主旨演講時的觀點。為此他在演講一開始就提出了三個問題：“工業互聯網的使命究竟是什么？互聯網思維適用于工業互聯網嗎？制造業由大變強過程中的互聯網作用是什么？”
工業互聯網姓“工業”
“工業互聯網姓‘工業’，不姓‘互聯網’。”楊學山重復著兩年前在蕭山中國工業數據大會上的論斷，“也就是說，工業互聯網的使命是為了工業發展的現代化，是為了制造業由大變強，為了中國工業真正走上高質量發展之路。這個過程當中使用互聯網和帶動互聯網發展是副產品，不是主題，主題是工業的發展。這是至關重要的認識。”
楊學山繼而解釋：“300年工業發展歷史是一個技術推動著產業和市場進步的歷程。所以，它的供給形態和需求形態實際上是由技術體系決定的。”如何認識技術體系？楊學山表示，如今的技術體系是工業技術、信息技術和智能技術合在一起走向智能制造，這也是工業的大方向，而互聯網只是信息技術的一個組成部分。在從機械化走向智能化發展的過程中互聯網在其中扮演的是配角。
楊學山認為，現在的基礎設施不再是單純的工業化基礎設施。“如今的基礎設施是已經存在的工業化的基礎設施和已經存在的信息基礎設施，再加上智能控制之后信息基礎設施和工業基礎設施合在一起的支持整個社會經濟、管理、生活的新型基礎設施”。從這個角度看互聯網只是信息網絡的一個組成部分。“互聯網一定不是信息網絡的全部，特別是工業。”楊學山強調。
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